High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a health condition that is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. Managing hypertension is crucial in reducing these risks. One of the common medications classes used for hypertension treatment is called Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, referred to as ARBs. In this blog post, we will explore what ARBs are, how they work, and considerations for their use in treating high blood pressure.
Understanding Hypertension:
Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it can have no symptoms until significant damage inside the body has occurred. Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries. When this pressure is consistently too high, it can damage the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. Effective management of hypertension involves lifestyle modifications and, in many cases, medication to maintain blood pressure within a healthy range. Blood pressure range goals are individualized depending on patient-specific factors.
See our blog about Additional Tips for Treating High Blood Pressure
What are Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs):
ARBs are a class of medications designed to lower blood pressure by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a compound in the body that constricts and narrows blood vessels, which then raises blood pressure. By preventing the actions of angiotensin II in the body, ARBs help relax blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. Common ARB medications include losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, and telmisartan. ARBs are sometimes used as a second option when individuals are unable to tolerate a different medication class called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
Considerations for Use:
- Individualized Dosing: The dosage of ARBs should be tailored to each patient’s needs, medical history, and response to treatment. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and kidney function is important.
- Consistent Use: Take ARBs consistently, as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Try not to skip doses, and take the medication around the same time each day.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Blood pressure management requires a comprehensive approach, including medications and lifestyle changes. Combine ARB therapy with healthy lifestyle choices such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, weight management, and moderated sodium intake.
- Potential Side Effects: While ARBs are typically well-tolerated, they can cause side effects in some individuals. It is important to report any potential side effects to your healthcare provider. Side effects may include:
- Dizziness: Some patients may experience dizziness, especially when starting the medication or adjusting the dose. Dizziness can be a symptom of low blood pressure.
- Elevated Blood Potassium Levels (Hyperkalemia): ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can be dangerous if not monitored properly.
- Angioedema: A rare but serious side effect, angioedema is swelling of the face, lips, tongue and upper airways, and can be life-threatening when it interferes with the ability to breathe.
Conclusion:
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are one of the main medication classes used in the treatment of hypertension. These drugs may offer effective blood pressure control, which reduces the risk of serious health conditions such as heart attack and kidney disease. Always work closely with your healthcare provider to ensure that your treatment plan is tailored to your specific needs.
Resources:
1) COZAAR® (losartan potassium) tablets [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & CO, Inc.; 2018.
2) Hill RD, Vaidya PN. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) [Updated 2023 Mar 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537027/
1) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/angiotensin-ii-receptor-blockers/art-20045009
