Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones. This makes the bones more susceptible to breaks or fractures, which can lead to serious complications, particularly in elderly individuals. Different types of drug classes are available to help treat osteoporosis. One option for certain patients is abaloparatide, marketed under the brand name Tymlos. In this blog, we will explore osteoporosis, how abaloparatide works to treat osteoporosis, and considerations for use.
Understanding Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the removal of old bone. Throughout life, bone is constantly being remodeled, with old bone tissue being broken down (resorption) and new bone tissue being formed (formation). In osteoporosis, this balance is disrupted, leading to bones to become weak and brittle.
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Several risk factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis, including age, gender, family history, low body weight, and certain medications. For postmenopausal women, the reduction in estrogen levels is a significant risk factor as estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density.
What is Abaloparatide?
Abaloparatide is a drug that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. In 2022, it was also approved to increase bone density in men with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. Abaloparatide is administered as a once daily subcutaneous (under the skin) injection. It is classified as an anabolic (bone-building) agent, which means it stimulates building of new bone rather than just preventing bone loss. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who have already experienced fractures or are at a high risk of fractures due to significantly low bone density. Treatment with this drug is typically recommended for up to two years. After two years, patients may transition to a different drug class to help maintain the gains in bone density achieved during treatment with abaloparatide.
Potential Side Effects
As with any medication, abaloparatide may cause side effects. The most common side effects include:
– Injection Site Reactions: Some individuals may experience redness, swelling, or pain at the injection site.
– Nausea: Nausea is a relatively common side effect but is usually mild and temporary.
– Orthostatic Hypotension: patients may experience dizziness, lightheadedness or heart palpitations particularly after the first few injections. Sit or lie down until these symptoms resolve to prevent falls. These symptoms are most likely to occur within the first 4 hours after injecting the medication.
– Hypercalcemia: Abaloparatide can cause an increase in blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), which can be dangerous. It is important for patients to work with their healthcare providers to monitor their calcium levels.
Conclusion
Abaloparatide (Tymlos) is a treatment option for people with osteoporosis who are at high risk of fractures. By promoting bone-building, it leads to increases in bone density and thereby reduces fracture risk. As with any treatment, it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider to determine if abaloparatide is an appropriate therapy for you.
Resources:
1) TYMLOS™ (abaloparatide) [package insert]. Waltham, MA: Radius Health, Inc.; 2017.
2) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoporosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351968
3) Akel M, Patel P, Parmar M. Abaloparatide. [Updated 2024 Jan 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK587447/
